Signs Your Pet May Need Surgery and What to Expect

As a pet owner, one of the most difficult decisions you may face is determining whether your pet needs surgery. Whether it’s due to an injury, chronic condition, or a life-threatening emergency, surgery can be a necessary step toward improving your pet’s health and quality of life.

At Animal Hospital at Hillshore in Madison, WI, our experienced veterinary team is committed to providing expert surgical care, ensuring a safe and smooth experience for both you and your pet. In this guide, we’ll cover the common signs that indicate surgery may be necessary, the diagnostic process, what to expect during surgery, and how to care for your pet post-operation.

Understanding When Surgery May Be Necessary

Surgery is often recommended when less invasive treatments are ineffective in managing a pet’s health condition. Some conditions may worsen over time, making surgical intervention the best or only option.

Some common reasons pets may need surgery include:

  • Orthopedic injuries (e.g., torn ligaments, hip dysplasia, fractures)
  • Cancerous or non-cancerous tumor removal
  • Foreign object removal (intestinal blockages)
  • Bladder stone removal
  • Dental extractions for severe periodontal disease
  • Emergency surgeries for internal bleeding or trauma

Our team at Animal Hospital at Hillshore uses a combination of physical exams, digital imaging, and laboratory tests to determine if surgery is the best course of action.

Signs That Indicate Your Pet May Need Surgery

1. Limping or Difficulty Moving

  • A sudden or gradual onset of limping could indicate an injury, joint disease, or torn ligament.
  • Common surgical conditions include cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) tears, patellar luxation, or hip dysplasia.
  • Ignoring mobility issues can lead to chronic pain, muscle atrophy, and worsening joint problems.

2. Severe Weight Loss or Appetite Loss

  • If your pet has lost weight drastically or refuses to eat, it may be due to an underlying issue such as:
    • Gastrointestinal obstructions
    • Cancerous tumors
    • Severe dental disease requiring extractions

3. Lumps or Growths

  • While not all lumps are dangerous, growths that are fast-growing, ulcerated, or changing in shape should be evaluated.
  • Surgical removal may be necessary to prevent spreading or complications.

4. Chronic Vomiting or Diarrhea

  • Persistent vomiting or diarrhea can indicate foreign body ingestion, organ dysfunction, or severe infections.
  • If blockages, tumors, or severe inflammation are identified, surgery may be required.

5. Behavioral Changes or Signs of Pain

  • Pets instinctively hide pain, so look for signs like:
    • Lethargy
    • Increased aggression or withdrawal
    • Excessive licking at a specific area

If your pet is exhibiting any of these signs, schedule an evaluation with our team to discuss potential treatment options.

Diagnosing the Problem: The First Step Before Surgery

Before surgery, an accurate diagnosis is essential. Our veterinarians perform a thorough physical exam and may recommend:

  • Digital X-rays – Used for fractures, joint conditions, and internal abnormalities
  • Ultrasound – Helpful for detecting tumors, bladder stones, or organ issues
  • Bloodwork – Screens for infections, organ function, and overall surgical readiness
  • Biopsy or cytology – Determines whether growths are cancerous or benign

These diagnostics help us determine if surgery is necessary or if alternative treatments could be an option. Learn more about our advanced diagnostics here.

What to Expect During Surgery: The Process

1. Pre-Surgery Preparation

  • A pre-anesthetic exam and bloodwork will assess your pet’s ability to handle anesthesia.
  • You’ll receive instructions on fasting before surgery to prevent complications.

2. Anesthesia & Pain Management

  • General anesthesia is used to ensure your pet is comfortable and pain-free.
  • Your pet is continuously monitored by trained professionals throughout the procedure. For more details, read Anesthesia for Dogs and Cats.

3. The Surgery

  • Depending on the procedure, surgeries can range from routine spay/neuters to complex orthopedic repairs or emergency procedures.
  • Our veterinarians utilize advanced surgical techniques to minimize pain and recovery time.

4. Post-Surgery Monitoring

  • Your pet is closely monitored as they wake from anesthesia to ensure a safe recovery.

For more information on our surgical services, visit our Surgery Services page.

Post-Surgery Care and Recovery

1. Managing Pain & Discomfort

  • Pain medications and anti-inflammatory drugs are provided for post-operative care.
  • Watch for signs of pain, such as whimpering, restlessness, or reluctance to move.

2. Preventing Infections

  • Antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infections.
  • Keep the surgical site clean and dry, avoiding licking or chewing (use an Elizabethan collar if needed).

3. Restricted Activity & Follow-Up Care

  • Pets may need restricted activity for 2-8 weeks, depending on the surgery.
  • Follow-up visits allow stitch removal, wound checks, and recovery assessment.

We’ll provide detailed post-op care instructions to ensure your pet heals safely.

Complications to Watch For

While most surgeries are safe, potential risks include:

  • Excessive swelling, redness, or discharge at the surgical site
  • Persistent vomiting or refusal to eat
  • Lethargy or difficulty breathing

If you notice any of these symptoms, contact us immediately.

How to Prevent the Need for Surgery: Routine Care

Not all surgeries can be avoided, but preventive care can reduce risks. Regular:

  • Wellness exams detect issues early
  • Weight management prevents joint strain & obesity-related conditions
  • Dental care avoids oral infections that require extractions

Explore our Wellness & Prevention Services.

Trust the Experts at Animal Hospital at Hillshore

At Animal Hospital at Hillshore, we understand how stressful the thought of surgery can be. Our team is here to provide:

  • Expert surgical care with advanced technology
  • Personalized treatment plans
  • Compassionate post-surgical support

Schedule a consultation today.

Whether your pet needs a routine procedure or a complex surgery, trust us to provide the highest level of care in Madison, WI.